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    The cradle to gate life-cycle assessment of thermoelectric materials: A comparison of inorganic, organic and hybrid types

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    Authors
    Soleimani, Zohreh
    Zoras, Stamatis cc
    Ceranic, Boris cc
    Shahzad, Sally
    Cui, Yuanlong
    Affiliation
    University of Derby
    Sheffield University
    Issue Date
    2021-02-18
    
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    Abstract
    Using thermoelectric generators to convert waste heat into electricity is a renewable alternative to fossil energy sources. As thermoelectric materials are the main element of thermoelectric generators, so far numerous studies have attempted to optimize their energy conversion efficiency. However, no single study to date has examined their life cycle impacts, whilst it is the most important feature of any renewable technology. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to assess the life cycle impacts of thermoelectric materials at their production stage (cradle to gate) using a life cycle assessment tool called GaBi v.4.4. Thus, the thermoelectric materials were categorized into inorganic, organic, and hybrid types. The five investigated impact categories were resource consumption, emission, waste, primary energy demand, and global warming potential. The results confirmed that the inorganic type caused significantly greater environmental impacts than the other two types. The only inorganic exception was Bi 2 Te 3 that its environmental impact was by far the lowest among all the studied thermoelectric materials. Notably, the inorganic type caused major harm to the environment due to its extremely energy-intensive manufacturing process. However, the core environmental drawback of the organic and hybrid types was driven from their raw materials supply.
    Citation
    Soleimani, Z., Zoras, S., Ceranic, B., Shahzad, S., and Cui, Y. (2021). 'The cradle to gate life-cycle assessment of thermoelectric materials: A comparison of inorganic, organic and hybrid types'. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 44, pp. 1-12.
    Publisher
    Elsevier
    Journal
    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10545/625627
    DOI
    10.1016/j.seta.2021.101073
    Additional Links
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213138821000837
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    2213-1388
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.seta.2021.101073
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Department of Mechanical Engineering & the Built Environment

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