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Multiple interpretations of child art–the importance of context and perspective.Research mapping out children’s artistic development has largely followed what Wilson has (1997a) termed a modernist framework in which standardised rating scales are used to uncover universal laws of drawing development. This paper researches the interpretation of children’s artwork from a postmodern framework and addresses how aesthetic values shape the way art is conceptualised. A viewer centric analysis focuses on case studies of masks created by 10-11 year old children in an English Year 6 art lesson. A qualitative thematic analysis is utilised to examine the interpretation of the masks from the perspective of the child who created the mask, the teacher who took the art lesson, the researcher and a professional artist. An exploration of multiple perspectives presents the interpretation of children’s art as socially constructed concept; that is, an active, context dependent activity which raises questions for the use of objective rating scales in this area. .
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Multiplicity dependence of light-flavor hadron production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeVComprehensive results on the production of unidentified charged particles, π±, K±, K0S, K∗(892)0, p, p̅, ϕ(1020), Λ, Λ̅, Ξ−, Ξ̅+, Ω−, and Ω̅+ hadrons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at √s = 7 TeV at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density are presented. In order to avoid autocorrelation biases, the actual transverse momentum (pT) spectra of the particles under study and the event activity are measured in different rapidity windows. In the highest multiplicity class, the charged-particle density reaches about 3.5 times the value measured in inelastic collisions. While the yield of protons normalized to pions remains approximately constant as a function of multiplicity, the corresponding ratios of strange hadrons to pions show a significant enhancement that increases with increasing strangeness content. Furthermore, all identified particle-to-pion ratios are shown to depend solely on charged-particle multiplicity density, regardless of system type and collision energy. The evolution of the spectral shapes with multiplicity and hadron mass shows patterns that are similar to those observed in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies. The obtained pT distributions and yields are compared to expectations from QCD-based pp event generators as well as to predictions from thermal and hydrodynamic models. These comparisons indicate that traces of a collective, equilibrated system are already present in high-multiplicity pp collisions.
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‘We will take them from anywhere’: schools working within multiple initial teacher training partnershipsThis article reports on a small-scale study focusing on the role of the initial teacher training (ITT) coordinator in schools in England in terms of working simultaneously across and within a number of different ITT partnerships. Data collection involved a review of the relevant course documentation of the four main higher education institutions working in one region, a postal questionnaire to 113 primary schools and secondary schools within that region and semistructured telephone interviews with six school-based ITT coordinators. The data were analysed within broad categories identifying the facilitators and constraints of carrying out the role when working in partnership with a number of different ITT providers. The findings indicate that there is a developing trend towards schools in England working with multiple partners, particularly in the case of secondary schools and that, notwithstanding the administrative difficulties sometimes caused, there are clear perceived advantages to working in such a way, both for the schools themselves and for the trainees in those schools. The implications of this in terms of partnerships between schools and ITT providers are explored, as are the
