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    Effects of shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) and nature therapy on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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    Authors
    Kotera, Yasuhiro
    Richardson, Miles
    Sheffield, David
    Affiliation
    University of Derby
    Issue Date
    2020-07-28
    
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    Abstract
    Shinrin-yoku (forest-bathing), immersing oneself in nature using one's senses, has been receiving increased attention internationally. While most of the existing studies have focused on physical health, this systematic review and meta-analysis examined the mental health benefits of shinrin-yoku (i.e., depression, anxiety, anger), using the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registery: BLINDED). Articles in English were retrieved on research databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Of 481 articles retrieved, twenty met the inclusion criteria (eight non-randomised and twelve randomised controlled trials). All studies were conducted in Asia and Europe and used a variety of different bathing approaches (e.g., breathing, walking, yoga). While noting a need for more rigorous research and more extensive follow-up assessments, the findings indicate that shinrin-yoku can be effective in reducing negative mental health symptoms in the short-term (large effects, g> .80); particularly, the effects on anxiety were largest. Overall, forest bathing improved depression, anxiety and anger in the short-term but there were a number of moderators of the effects. More careful examination of shinrin-yoku practices are needed; longer follow-up with participants from a range of countries along with greater examination of potential mechanisms of action are needed for shinrin-yoku to be accepted into mainstream interventions.
    Citation
    Kotera, Y., Richardson, M. and Sheffield, D. (2020). 'Effects of shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) and nature therapy on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis'. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, pp. 1-25.
    Publisher
    Springer
    Journal
    International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10545/625075
    DOI
    10.1007/s11469-020-00363-4
    Additional Links
    https://www.springer.com/journal/11469
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-020-00363-4
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1557-1874
    EISSN
    1557-1882
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s11469-020-00363-4
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    University of Derby Online (UDOL)

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