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    Meal size and frequency influences metabolic endotoxaemia and inflammatory risk but has no effect on diet induced thermogenesis in either lean or obese subjects

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    Authors
    Piya, M
    Reddy, N
    Campbell, A
    Hattersley, J
    Halder, L
    Tripathi, G
    Tahrani, A
    Kumar, S
    Barber, T
    McTernan, P
    Affiliation
    University of Westminster
    Issue Date
    01/03/2014
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Small frequent meals are often recommended for weight loss, with supporting evidence often provided from studies in diabetes. Dietary meal content is also relevant, as high fat meals cause systemic inflammation via gut derived bacteria, endotoxin. As such, repeated meals may exacerbate this. In contrast, dietary induced thermogenesis, related to meal size, may reduce with small frequent meals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 2 vs 5 meals on metabolic endotoxaemia and 24 h (hour) energy expenditure in lean and obese women. In a crossover study, 24 lean (age: 34 (mean±S.D.)±10 years, BMI: 22.9±2 kg/m2) and obese (age: 42±9 years, BMI: 36±8 kg/m2) women were given two or five isocaloric high (50%) fat meals, on two separate days. On both visits, 24 h energy expenditure was measured in whole body room calorimeters and blood samples taken 2 hourly (0900 to 2100 h). Serum endotoxin, glucose, insulin, lipids were measured. The obese subjects had increased area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and triglyceride (TG), with decreased HDL (P<0.01), compared with lean subjects, for both meal visits. For the entire cohort, fasting endotoxin correlated with triglyceride (r=0.32, P<0.05), and AUC for endotoxin and TG correlated in the five meal visit (r=0.44, P<0.05), but not the two meal visit. In the final 2100 h blood test, the endotoxin levels were significantly higher in the five meal visit (P=0.05), but not the two meal visit. Meal frequency did not affect 24 h expenditure, in either the obese group (2124±312 vs 2142±365 Kcal/day) or lean group (1724±160 vs 1683±166 Kcal/day).Our findings suggest in metabolically healthy lean and obese subjects, increased meal frequency may pose an inflammatory risk posed by circulating endotoxin and TGs leading to peak levels at bedtime. As such, small frequent meals may not influence diet induced thermogenesis, but may increase metabolic disease risk.
    Citation
    Piya, M., Reddy, N., Campbell, A., Hattersley, J., Halder, L., Tripathi, G., Tahrani, A., Kumar, S., Barber, T. and McTernan, P. (2014). 'Meal size and frequency influences metabolic endotoxaemia and inflammatory risk but has no effect on diet induced thermogenesis in either lean or obese subjects'. Society for Endocrinology BES 2014. Liverpool 24 - 27 May. Society for Endocrinology. DOI:10.1530/endoabs.34.P226
    Publisher
    bioscientifica
    Journal
    Endocrine Abstracts
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10545/624112
    DOI
    10.1530/endoabs.34.P226
    Additional Links
    https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0034/ea0034P226.htm
    Type
    Meetings and proceedings
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    14703947
    EISSN
    14796848
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1530/endoabs.34.P226
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    School of Human Sciences

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