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    High salinity tolerance of the Red Sea coral Fungia granulosa under desalination concentrate discharge conditions: an in situ photophysiology experiment.

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    Authors
    van der Merwe, Riaan
    Röthig, Till
    Voolstra, Christian R. cc
    Ochsenkühn, Michael A.
    Lattemann, Sabine
    Amy, Gary L.
    Affiliation
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
    Issue Date
    2014-11-10
    
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    Abstract
    Seawater reverse osmosis desalination concentrate may have chronic and/or acute impacts on the marine ecosystems in the near-field area of the discharge. Environmental impact of the desalination plant discharge is supposedly site- and volumetric- specific, and also depends on the salinity tolerance of the organisms inhabiting the water column in and around a discharge environment. Scientific studies that aim to understand possible impacts of elevated salinity levels are important to assess detrimental effects to organisms, especially for species with no mechanism of osmoregulation, e.g., presumably corals. Previous studies on corals indicate sensitivity toward hypo- and hyper-saline environments with small changes in salinity already affecting coral physiology. In order to evaluate sensitivity of Red Sea corals to increased salinity levels, we conducted a long-term (29 days) in situ salinity tolerance transect study at an offshore seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) discharge on the coral Fungia granulosa. While we measured a pronounced increase in salinity and temperature at the direct outlet of the discharge structure, effects were indistinguishable from the surrounding environment at a distance of 5 m. Interestingly, corals were not affected by varying salinity levels as indicated by measurements of the photosynthetic efficiency. Similarly, cultured coral symbionts of the genus Symbiodinium displayed remarkable tolerance levels in regard to hypo- and hypersaline treatments. Our data suggest that increased salinity and temperature levels from discharge outlets wear off quickly in the surrounding environment. Furthermore, F. granulosa seem to tolerate levels of salinity that are distinctively higher than reported for other corals previously. It remains to be determined whether Red Sea corals in general display increased salinity tolerance, and whether this is related to prevailing levels of high(er) salinity in the Red Sea in comparison to other oceans.
    Citation
    Van Der Merwe, R.et al. (2014) 'High salinity tolerance of the Red Sea coral Fungia granulosa under desalination concentrate discharge conditions: an in situ photophysiology experiment', Frontiers in Marine Science, 1(58), pp. 1-8.
    Publisher
    Frontiers
    Journal
    Frontiers in Marine Science
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10545/623285
    DOI
    10.3389/fmars.2014.00058
    Additional Links
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2014.00058/full
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    2296-7745
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3389/fmars.2014.00058
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Environmental Sustainability Research Centre

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