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    Stretching of active muscle elicits chronic changes in multiple strain risk factors.

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    Authors
    Kay, Anthony D.
    Richmond, Dominic
    Talbot, Chris
    Mina, Minas A. cc
    Baross, Anthony W.
    Blazevich, Anthony J.
    Affiliation
    University of Northampton
    University of Derby
    Edith Cowan University
    Issue Date
    2016-07
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    INTRODUCTION: The muscle stretch intensity imposed during "flexibility" training influences the magnitude of joint range of motion (ROM) adaptation. Thus, stretching while the muscle is voluntarily activated was hypothesized to provide a greater stimulus than passive stretching. The effect of a 6-wk program of stretch imposed on an isometrically contracting muscle (i.e., qualitatively similar to isokinetic eccentric training) on muscle-tendon mechanics was therefore studied in 13 healthy human volunteers. METHODS: Before and after the training program, dorsiflexion ROM, passive joint moment, and maximal isometric plantarflexor moment were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer. Simultaneous real-time motion analysis and ultrasound imaging recorded gastrocnemius medialis muscle and Achilles tendon elongation. Training was performed twice weekly and consisted of five sets of 12 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions at 10°·s. RESULTS: Significant increases (P < 0.01) in ROM (92.7% [14.7°]), peak passive moment (i.e., stretch tolerance; 136.2%), area under the passive moment curve (i.e., energy storage; 302.6%), and maximal isometric plantarflexor moment (51.3%) were observed after training. Although no change in the slope of the passive moment curve (muscle-tendon stiffness) was detected (-1.5%, P > 0.05), a significant increase in tendon stiffness (31.2%, P < 0.01) and a decrease in passive muscle stiffness (-14.6%, P < 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSION: The substantial positive adaptation in multiple functional and physiological variables that are cited within the primary etiology of muscle strain injury, including strength, ROM, muscle stiffness, and maximal energy storage, indicate that the stretching of active muscle might influence injury risk in addition to muscle function. The lack of change in muscle-tendon stiffness simultaneous with significant increases in tendon stiffness and decreases in passive muscle stiffness indicates that tissue-specific effects were elicited.
    Citation
    Kay, A. D. et al (2016) 'Stretching of Active Muscle Elicits Chronic Changes in Multiple Strain Risk Factors', Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48 (7):1388.
    Publisher
    American College of Sports Medicine
    Journal
    Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621967
    DOI
    10.1249/MSS.0000000000000887
    Additional Links
    http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005768-201607000-00021
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    01959131
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1249/MSS.0000000000000887
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    School of Human Sciences

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