Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pre-malignant condition

Abstract

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive, cholestatic liver disease with no known cure. It is a serious condition, and diagnosis comes with an increased risk of developing cancer of the gallbladder, bile ducts or liver. Symptoms can include fatigue and jaundice, although the disease can be initially asymptomatic. Patients are at risk of deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins. PSC is also associated with ulcerative colitis, and patients with a dual diagnosis will have an increased risk of developing bowel cancer. In addition, patients can develop fatal complications from colitis or liver failure. As such, primary sclerosing cholangitis can be characterised as a pre-malignant condition. In view of this, it is essential that patients undergo regular surveillance to observe and rapidly treat any developing complications.