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    Mental representations of the supernatural: A cluster analysis of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief

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    Authors
    Schofield, Malcolm B. cc
    Baker, Ian S.
    Staples, Paul
    Sheffield, David cc
    Affiliation
    University of Derby
    Issue Date
    2016-06-25
    
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    Abstract
    The aim of the study was to establish a new typology of belief in the supernatural; categorising people, based on their levels of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief. Examining how the various beliefs are defined was a further objective. The reasons for people having different levels of these beliefs were discussed, highlighting ‘Metaphysical Chauvinism’ as a possible explanation. Previous research that used variousmethods to measure religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief were discussed. Participants (n = 307) completed an online survey consisting of the revised Religious Life Inventory (rRLI), the Intrinsic Spirituality Scale (ISS) and the revised Paranormal Belief Scale (rPBS). Two cluster analyses were performed: one on the three main scales and a secondary analysis on the ISS, the subscales of the rRLI and the rPBS. The results revealed a four cluster solution for each analysis. For the main analysis the clusters were ‘believers’, ‘paranormal believers’, ‘sceptics’ and ‘religious believers’. Metaphysical Chauvinism was supported; however, it was acknowledged that there still appears to be a lack of consensus when defining supernatural beliefs. It is proposed that the cluster analysis approach is more effective than a simple scale when trying establish how a person believes.
    Citation
    Schofield, M. B., Baker, I. S., Staples, P., & Sheffield., D. (2016). Mental representations of the supernatural: A cluster analysis of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 419–424. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.020
    Journal
    Personality and Individual Differences
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621087
    DOI
    10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.020
    Additional Links
    http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191886916307590
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    01918869
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.020
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    University of Derby Online (UDOL)
    Human Sciences Research Centre

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